In the update to my previous post, I cast doubts on the correctness of the Supreme Court’s August 7, 2007 order, in view of a vague sentence appearing immediately after the Bench sums up Ram Jethmalani’s arguments, and also because the seemingly erroneous sentence appeared even as the Bench said it was expressing no opinions on the merits of the case. However, after reading Soli Sorabjee’s article today (on whose word?) it appears to me that the order probably has some impact on the ongoing debate. Let me explain what I infer from this order, even though Sorabjee himself does not refer to it. Two contemporary newspaper accounts of the oral arguments in the Court on that day, linked here and here, also sustain my inference.
1. The CEC can tentatively decide any petition submitted to him seeking the removal of the EC. That is, he can recommend the EC’s removal, subject to judicial review of the correctness of his recommendation.
2. The Bench dictated this order after the Government agreed to come back to the Court if it was not satisfied with the CEC’s decision on the BJP’s petition, that is, the CEC’s recommendation as to EC’s removal. The Government agreed that it is not for the Executive to reject the CEC’s recommendation, but it ought to seek the Court’s intervention to reject it. Implicitly, it can be suggested that the Government agreed to be bound by it, if it was satisfied with it.
3. The Court kept the following questions open, to be considered later, in the event of challenge to CEC’s decision:
A. Whether the President is bound by the advice of the Council of Ministers on the question of removal of an EC;
B. Whether the CEC can suo motu recommend removal of an EC, despite the absence of a reference from the Government (though the Court tentatively permitted the CEC to decide the petition, in accordance with law, it kept the option of judicial review of this issue open, as the Government as well as Navin Chawla contested the CEC’s affidavit); and
C. Whether the Government is bound to make a reference to the CEC, following the receipt of a complaint/petition against an EC by the President, who in turn, forwarded it to the Government.
Considering the Constitutional scheme with regard to the CEC’s powers, it can be suggested that the Supreme Court did not want the Government to reject a recommendation of the CEC without cogent reasons on its own. Therefore, it wanted the Government to approach the Court to challenge the CEC’s recommendation on merits. The Court wanted to keep the power to annul the CEC’s recommendation to itself, and not cede it to the Government of the day, as it would have compromised the autonomy of the CEC and the EC.
(P.S. Feb.12, 2009: This post must be read along with this latter post, as I have considerably modified my view on the matter)
Dear Venkatesan,
Your previous posts left me with the impression that CEC’s action in this case was outright mala-fide. Soli’s argument stems from the basic principle of Art.324(5), viz the independent functioning of the Election Commission. Here primarily independence refers to the body as a whole from the executive. Keeping this in view, the advice of the CEC should normally be binding on the Executive, unless the advise is blatantly capricious or patently unfounded, the determination of which should be done by the SC.
However it is questionable as to how far the SC can go into the merits of CEC’s reasoning as it is more of an administrative decision
by the CEC, rather than a legal decision which is subject to text,precedent and conventions.
The Parliament has the final trump card in protecting the Election Commission if the CEC is a true mischief maker by impeaching him.
However if the Government of the day decides to “pack” the commission with blatantly partisan figures, the primary purpose behind the Art.324 in establishing a truly independent Election commission is severely damaged.
We are not talking any abstract situations here as well. Going by the recent history of our erstwhile CECs including Shri.T.N.Seshan and Shri M.S.Gill both contesting on Congress Party tickets to the LS and RS respectively after their tenure, makes the situation much more realistic. Shri M.S.Gill refused to hold the elections immediately after Vajpayee’s Government was brought down by 1 vote. There were apprehensions by the Congress party that the “sympathy” factor wold have helped Vajpayee. But then he got lucky with the Kargil wave is another matter.The fact remains that Shri.Gill is a member of the Congress ministry which is to my mind, an abomination.